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Lenses and Other Optical Components

Lenses

A number of helper functions are provided to make constructing simple lenses easier. Firstly ordinary thick lenses:

OpticSim.SphericalLens — Function
SphericalLens(insidematerial, frontvertex, frontradius, backradius, thickness, semidiameter;  lastmaterial = OpticSim.GlassCat.Air, nextmaterial = OpticSim.GlassCat.Air, frontsurfacereflectance = 0.0, backsurfacereflectance = 0.0, frontdecenter = (0, 0), backdecenter = (0, 0))

Constructs a simple cylindrical lens with spherical front and back surfaces. The side walls of the lens are absorbing.

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OpticSim.ConicLens — Function
ConicLens(insidematerial, frontvertex, frontradius, frontconic, backradius, backconic, thickness, semidiameter;  lastmaterial = OpticSim.GlassCat.Air, nextmaterial = OpticSim.GlassCat.Air, frontsurfacereflectance = 0.0, backsurfacereflectance = 0.0, frontdecenter = (0, 0), backdecenter = (0, 0))

Constructs a simple cylindrical lens with front and back surfaces with a radius and conic term. The side walls of the lens are absorbing.

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OpticSim.AsphericLens — Function
AsphericLens(insidematerial, frontvertex, frontradius, frontconic, frontaspherics, backradius, backconic, backaspherics, thickness, semidiameter;  lastmaterial = OpticSim.GlassCat.Air, nextmaterial = OpticSim.GlassCat.Air, frontsurfacereflectance = 0.0, backsurfacereflectance = 0.0, frontdecenter = (0, 0), backdecenter = (0, 0))

Cosntructs a simple cylindrical lens with front and back surfaces with a radius, conic and apsheric terms. The side walls of the lens are absorbing.

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OpticSim.FresnelLens — Function
FresnelLens(insidematerial, frontvertex, radius, thickness, semidiameter, groovedepth; conic = 0.0, aspherics = nothing, outsidematerial = OpticSim.GlassCat.Air)

Create a Fresnel lens as a CSG object, can be concave or convex. Groove positions are found iteratively based on groovedepth. For negative radii the vertex on the central surface is at frontvertex, so the total thickness of the lens is thickness + groovedepth. Aspherics currently not supported.

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As well as idealized lenses:

OpticSim.ParaxialLens — Type
ParaxialLens{T} <: Surface{T}

surfacenormal is the output direction of the lens. Paraxial lens cannot act as the interface between two materials, hence only a single outside material is specified, by default Air.

Create with the following functions

ParaxialLensEllipse(focaldistance, halfsizeu, halfsizev, surfacenormal, centrepoint; rotationvec = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], outsidematerial = OpticSim.GlassCat.Air, decenteruv = (0.0, 0.0))
ParaxialLensRect(focaldistance, halfsizeu, halfsizev, surfacenormal, centrepoint; rotationvec = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], outsidematerial = OpticSim.GlassCat.Air, decenteruv = (0.0, 0.0))
ParaxialLensHex(focaldistance, side_length, surfacenormal, centrepoint; rotationvec = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], outsidematerial = OpticSim.GlassCat.Air, decenteruv = (0.0, 0.0))
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Other Components

We also have some holographic elements implemented, note that these have not been extensively tested and should not be treated as wholely accurate at this stage.

It is relatively simple to extend the existing code to add these kinds of specialized surfaces providing a paired OpticalInterface subclass is also defined. In this case the WrapperSurface can often serve as a suitable base for extension.

OpticSim.WrapperSurface — Type
WrapperSurface{T,S<:Surface{T}} <: Surface{T}

A generic surface type which serves as a basis for extension of Surfaces for custom OpticalInterface subclasses. Essentially just forwards all Surface and ParametricSurface methods to a field of the WrapperSurface named surface. Also provides a generic implementation of surfaceintersection which tests for an intersection with the underlying surface and returns either an EmptyInterval or a half space (never a closed interval).

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Eye Models

Eye models are often very useful in simulation of head mounted display systems. We have two models implemented currently.

OpticSim.ModelEye — Function
ModelEye(assembly::LensAssembly{T}, nsamples::Int = 17; pupil_radius::T = 3.0, detpixels::Int = 1000, transform::RigidBodyTransform{T} = identitytransform(T))

Geometrically accurate model of the human eye focussed at infinity with variable pupil_radius. The eye is added to the provided assembly to create a CSGOpticalSystem with the retina of the eye as the detector.

The eye can be positioned in the scene using the transform argument and the resolution of the detector specified with detpixels. By default the eye is directed along the positive z-axis with the vertex of the cornea at the origin.

nsamples determines the resolution at which accelerated surfaces within the eye are triangulated.

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OpticSim.ArizonaEye — Function
ArizonaEye(::Type{T} = Float64; accommodation::T = 0.0)

The popular Arizona eye model taken from this definition. The accommodation of the eye can be varied in this model. Returns a DataFrame specifying the prescription of the eye model.

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