Using Mobile Agent as Galaxy Device

Configure Mobile Agent as a sub-agent in UFO's Galaxy framework to enable cross-platform, multi-device task orchestration. Galaxy can coordinate Mobile agents alongside Windows and Linux devices to execute complex workflows spanning multiple systems and platforms.

📖 Prerequisites:

Before configuring Mobile Agent in Galaxy, ensure you have:

Overview

The Galaxy framework provides multi-tier orchestration capabilities, allowing you to manage multiple device agents (Windows, Linux, Android, etc.) from a central ConstellationAgent. When configured as a Galaxy device, MobileAgent becomes a sub-agent that can:

  • Execute Android-specific subtasks assigned by Galaxy
  • Participate in cross-platform workflows (e.g., Windows + Android + Linux collaboration)
  • Report execution status back to the orchestrator
  • Be dynamically selected based on capabilities and metadata

For detailed information about MobileAgent's design and capabilities, see Mobile Agent Overview.

Galaxy Architecture with Mobile Agent

graph TB User[User Request] Galaxy[Galaxy ConstellationAgent<br/>Orchestrator] subgraph "Device Pool" Win1[Windows Device 1<br/>HostAgent] Linux1[Linux Agent 1<br/>CLI Executor] Mobile1[Mobile Agent 1<br/>Android Phone] Mobile2[Mobile Agent 2<br/>Android Tablet] Mobile3[Mobile Agent 3<br/>Android Emulator] end User -->|Complex Task| Galaxy Galaxy -->|Windows Subtask| Win1 Galaxy -->|Linux Subtask| Linux1 Galaxy -->|Mobile Subtask| Mobile1 Galaxy -->|Mobile Subtask| Mobile2 Galaxy -->|Mobile Subtask| Mobile3 style Galaxy fill:#ffe1e1 style Mobile1 fill:#c8e6c9 style Mobile2 fill:#c8e6c9 style Mobile3 fill:#c8e6c9

Galaxy orchestrates:

  • Task decomposition - Break complex requests into platform-specific subtasks
  • Device selection - Choose appropriate devices based on capabilities
  • Parallel execution - Execute subtasks concurrently across devices
  • Result aggregation - Combine results from all devices

Configuration Guide

Step 1: Configure Device in devices.yaml

Add your Mobile agent(s) to the device list in config/galaxy/devices.yaml:

Example Configuration

devices:
  - device_id: "mobile_phone_1"
    server_url: "ws://192.168.1.100:5001/ws"
    os: "mobile"
    capabilities:
      - "mobile"
      - "android"
      - "messaging"
      - "camera"
      - "location"
    metadata:
      os: "mobile"
      device_type: "phone"
      android_version: "13"
      screen_size: "1080x2400"
      installed_apps:
        - "com.google.android.apps.maps"
        - "com.whatsapp"
        - "com.android.chrome"
      description: "Personal Android phone for mobile tasks"
    auto_connect: true
    max_retries: 5

Step 2: Understanding Configuration Fields

Field Required Type Description
device_id ✅ Yes string Unique identifier - must match client --client-id
server_url ✅ Yes string WebSocket URL - must match server endpoint
os ✅ Yes string Operating system - set to "mobile"
capabilities ❌ Optional list Skills/capabilities for task routing
metadata ❌ Optional dict Custom context for LLM-based task execution
auto_connect ❌ Optional boolean Auto-connect on Galaxy startup (default: true)
max_retries ❌ Optional integer Connection retry attempts (default: 5)

Step 3: Capabilities-Based Task Routing

Galaxy uses the capabilities field to intelligently route subtasks to appropriate devices. Define capabilities based on device features, installed apps, or task types.

Example Capability Configurations

Personal Phone: 

capabilities:
  - "mobile"
  - "android"
  - "messaging"
  - "whatsapp"
  - "maps"
  - "camera"
  - "location"

Work Phone: 

capabilities:
  - "mobile"
  - "android"
  - "email"
  - "calendar"
  - "office_apps"
  - "vpn"

Testing Emulator: 

capabilities:
  - "mobile"
  - "android"
  - "testing"
  - "automation"
  - "screenshots"

Tablet: 

capabilities:
  - "mobile"
  - "android"
  - "tablet"
  - "large_screen"
  - "media"
  - "reading"

Step 4: Metadata for Contextual Execution

The metadata field provides contextual information that the LLM uses when generating actions for the Mobile agent.

Metadata Examples

Personal Phone Metadata: 

metadata:
  os: "mobile"
  device_type: "phone"
  android_version: "13"
  sdk_version: "33"
  screen_size: "1080x2400"
  screen_density: "420"
  installed_apps:
    - "com.google.android.apps.maps"
    - "com.whatsapp"
    - "com.android.chrome"
    - "com.spotify.music"
  contacts:
    - "John Doe"
    - "Jane Smith"
  description: "Personal Android phone with social and navigation apps"

Work Device Metadata: 

metadata:
  os: "mobile"
  device_type: "phone"
  android_version: "12"
  screen_size: "1080x2340"
  installed_apps:
    - "com.microsoft.office.outlook"
    - "com.microsoft.teams"
    - "com.slack"
  vpn_configured: true
  email_accounts:
    - "work@company.com"
  description: "Work phone with corporate apps and VPN"

Testing Emulator Metadata: 

metadata:
  os: "mobile"
  device_type: "emulator"
  android_version: "14"
  sdk_version: "34"
  screen_size: "1080x1920"
  installed_apps:
    - "com.example.testapp"
  adb_over_network: true
  description: "Android emulator for app testing"

How Metadata is Used

The LLM receives metadata in the system prompt, enabling context-aware action generation:

  • App Availability: LLM knows which apps can be launched
  • Screen Size: Informs swipe distances and touch coordinates
  • Android Version: Affects available features and UI patterns
  • Device Type: Phone vs tablet affects UI layout
  • Custom Fields: Any additional context you provide

Example: With the personal phone metadata above, when the user requests "Navigate to restaurant", the LLM knows Maps is installed and can generate launch_app(package_name="com.google.android.apps.maps").

Multi-Device Configuration Example

Complete Galaxy Setup

devices:
  # Windows Desktop Agent
  - device_id: "windows_desktop_1"
    server_url: "ws://192.168.1.101:5000/ws"
    os: "windows"
    capabilities:
      - "office_applications"
      - "email"
      - "web_browsing"
    metadata:
      os: "windows"
      description: "Office productivity workstation"
    auto_connect: true
    max_retries: 5

  # Linux Server Agent
  - device_id: "linux_server_1"
    server_url: "ws://192.168.1.102:5001/ws"
    os: "linux"
    capabilities:
      - "server"
      - "database"
      - "api"
    metadata:
      os: "linux"
      description: "Backend server"
    auto_connect: true
    max_retries: 5

  # Personal Android Phone
  - device_id: "mobile_phone_personal"
    server_url: "ws://192.168.1.103:5002/ws"
    os: "mobile"
    capabilities:
      - "mobile"
      - "android"
      - "messaging"
      - "whatsapp"
      - "maps"
      - "camera"
    metadata:
      os: "mobile"
      device_type: "phone"
      android_version: "13"
      screen_size: "1080x2400"
      installed_apps:
        - "com.google.android.apps.maps"
        - "com.whatsapp"
        - "com.android.chrome"
      description: "Personal phone with social apps"
    auto_connect: true
    max_retries: 5

  # Work Android Phone
  - device_id: "mobile_phone_work"
    server_url: "ws://192.168.1.104:5003/ws"
    os: "mobile"
    capabilities:
      - "mobile"
      - "android"
      - "email"
      - "calendar"
      - "teams"
    metadata:
      os: "mobile"
      device_type: "phone"
      android_version: "12"
      screen_size: "1080x2340"
      installed_apps:
        - "com.microsoft.office.outlook"
        - "com.microsoft.teams"
      description: "Work phone with corporate apps"
    auto_connect: true
    max_retries: 5

  # Android Tablet
  - device_id: "mobile_tablet_home"
    server_url: "ws://192.168.1.105:5004/ws"
    os: "mobile"
    capabilities:
      - "mobile"
      - "android"
      - "tablet"
      - "media"
      - "reading"
    metadata:
      os: "mobile"
      device_type: "tablet"
      android_version: "13"
      screen_size: "2560x1600"
      installed_apps:
        - "com.netflix.mediaclient"
        - "com.google.android.youtube"
      description: "Tablet for media and entertainment"
    auto_connect: true
    max_retries: 5

Starting Galaxy with Mobile Agents

Prerequisites

Ensure all components are running before starting Galaxy:

  1. ✅ Device Agent Servers running on all machines
  2. ✅ Device Agent Clients connected to their respective servers
  3. ✅ MCP Services running (both data collection and action servers)
  4. ✅ ADB accessible and Android devices connected
  5. ✅ USB debugging enabled on all Android devices
  6. ✅ LLM configured in config/ufo/agents.yaml or config/galaxy/agent.yaml

Launch Sequence

Step 1: Prepare Android Devices

# Check ADB connection to all devices
adb devices

# Expected output:
# List of devices attached
# 192.168.1.103:5555    device
# 192.168.1.104:5555    device
# emulator-5554         device

For Physical Devices: 1. Enable USB debugging in Developer Options 2. Connect via USB or wireless ADB 3. Accept ADB debugging prompt on device

For Emulators: 1. Start Android emulator 2. ADB connects automatically

Step 2: Start Device Agent Servers

# On machine hosting personal phone agent (192.168.1.103)
python -m ufo.server.app --port 5002 --platform mobile

# On machine hosting work phone agent (192.168.1.104)
python -m ufo.server.app --port 5003 --platform mobile

# On machine hosting tablet agent (192.168.1.105)
python -m ufo.server.app --port 5004 --platform mobile

Step 3: Start MCP Servers for Each Device

# On machine hosting personal phone
python -m ufo.client.mcp.http_servers.mobile_mcp_server \
  --host localhost \
  --data-port 8020 \
  --action-port 8021 \
  --server both

# On machine hosting work phone
python -m ufo.client.mcp.http_servers.mobile_mcp_server \
  --host localhost \
  --data-port 8022 \
  --action-port 8023 \
  --server both

# On machine hosting tablet
python -m ufo.client.mcp.http_servers.mobile_mcp_server \
  --host localhost \
  --data-port 8024 \
  --action-port 8025 \
  --server both

Step 4: Start Mobile Clients

# Personal phone client
python -m ufo.client.client \
  --ws \
  --ws-server ws://192.168.1.103:5002/ws \
  --client-id mobile_phone_personal \
  --platform mobile

# Work phone client
python -m ufo.client.client \
  --ws \
  --ws-server ws://192.168.1.104:5003/ws \
  --client-id mobile_phone_work \
  --platform mobile

# Tablet client
python -m ufo.client.client \
  --ws \
  --ws-server ws://192.168.1.105:5004/ws \
  --client-id mobile_tablet_home \
  --platform mobile

Step 5: Launch Galaxy

# On your control machine (interactive mode)
python -m galaxy --interactive

Or launch with a specific request:

python -m galaxy "Your cross-device task description here"

Galaxy will automatically connect to all configured devices and display the orchestration interface.

Example Multi-Device Workflows

Workflow 1: Cross-Platform Productivity

User Request:

"Get my meeting notes from email on work phone, summarize them on desktop, and send summary to team via WhatsApp on personal phone"

Galaxy Orchestration:

sequenceDiagram participant User participant Galaxy participant WorkPhone as Work Phone (Android) participant Desktop as Windows Desktop participant PersonalPhone as Personal Phone (Android) User->>Galaxy: Request meeting workflow Galaxy->>Galaxy: Decompose task Note over Galaxy,WorkPhone: Subtask 1: Get notes from email Galaxy->>WorkPhone: "Open Outlook and find meeting notes" WorkPhone->>WorkPhone: Launch Outlook app WorkPhone->>WorkPhone: Navigate to inbox WorkPhone->>WorkPhone: Find meeting email WorkPhone->>WorkPhone: Extract notes text WorkPhone-->>Galaxy: Notes content Note over Galaxy,Desktop: Subtask 2: Summarize on desktop Galaxy->>Desktop: "Summarize meeting notes" Desktop->>Desktop: Open Word Desktop->>Desktop: Paste notes Desktop->>Desktop: Generate summary Desktop-->>Galaxy: Summary document Note over Galaxy,PersonalPhone: Subtask 3: Send via WhatsApp Galaxy->>PersonalPhone: "Send summary to team on WhatsApp" PersonalPhone->>PersonalPhone: Launch WhatsApp PersonalPhone->>PersonalPhone: Select team group PersonalPhone->>PersonalPhone: Type summary message PersonalPhone->>PersonalPhone: Send message PersonalPhone-->>Galaxy: Message sent Galaxy-->>User: Workflow completed

Workflow 2: Mobile Testing Across Devices

User Request:

"Test the new app on phone, tablet, and emulator, capture screenshots of each screen"

Galaxy Orchestration:

  1. Mobile Phone: Install app, navigate through screens, capture screenshots
  2. Mobile Tablet: Install app (tablet layout), navigate screens, capture screenshots
  3. Mobile Emulator: Install app, run automated test suite, capture screenshots
  4. Windows Desktop: Aggregate screenshots, generate test report

Workflow 3: Location-Based Multi-Device Task

User Request:

"Find nearest coffee shops on phone, book table using tablet, add calendar event on work phone"

Galaxy Orchestration:

  1. Personal Phone: Launch Maps, search "coffee shops near me", get results
  2. Tablet: Open booking app, select coffee shop, book table
  3. Work Phone: Open Calendar, create event with location and time
  4. Galaxy: Aggregate confirmations and notify user

Task Assignment Behavior

How Galaxy Routes Tasks to Mobile Agents

Galaxy's ConstellationAgent uses several factors to select the appropriate mobile device for each subtask:

Factor Description Example
Capabilities Match subtask requirements to device capabilities "messaging" → Personal phone
OS Requirement Platform-specific tasks routed to correct OS Mobile tasks → Mobile agents
Metadata Context Use device-specific apps and configurations WhatsApp task → Device with WhatsApp
Device Type Phone vs tablet for different UI requirements Media viewing → Tablet
Device Status Only assign to online, healthy devices Skip offline or failing devices
Load Balancing Distribute tasks across similar devices Round-robin across phones

Example Task Decomposition

User Request:

"Check messages on personal phone, review calendar on work phone, and play video on tablet"

Galaxy Decomposition:

Task 1:
  Description: "Check messages on WhatsApp"
  Target: mobile_phone_personal
  Reason: Has "whatsapp" capability and personal messaging apps

Task 2:
  Description: "Review today's calendar events"
  Target: mobile_phone_work
  Reason: Has "calendar" capability and work email/calendar

Task 3:
  Description: "Play video on YouTube"
  Target: mobile_tablet_home
  Reason: Has "media" capability and larger screen suitable for video

Critical Configuration Requirements

Configuration Validation

Ensure these match exactly or Galaxy cannot control the device:

  • Device ID: device_id in devices.yaml must match --client-id in client command
  • Server URL: server_url in devices.yaml must match --ws-server in client command
  • Platform: Must include --platform mobile in client command
  • ADB Access: Android device must be accessible via ADB
  • MCP Servers: Both data collection and action servers must be running

Monitoring & Debugging

Verify Device Registration

Check Galaxy device pool:

curl http://<galaxy-server>:5000/api/devices

Expected response:

{
  "devices": [
    {
      "device_id": "mobile_phone_personal",
      "os": "mobile",
      "status": "online",
      "capabilities": ["mobile", "android", "messaging", "whatsapp", "maps"]
    },
    {
      "device_id": "mobile_phone_work",
      "os": "mobile",
      "status": "online",
      "capabilities": ["mobile", "android", "email", "calendar", "teams"]
    }
  ]
}

View Task Assignments

Galaxy logs show task routing decisions:

INFO - [Galaxy] Task decomposition: 3 subtasks created
INFO - [Galaxy] Subtask 1 → mobile_phone_personal (capability match: messaging)
INFO - [Galaxy] Subtask 2 → mobile_phone_work (capability match: calendar)
INFO - [Galaxy] Subtask 3 → mobile_tablet_home (capability match: media)

Troubleshooting Device Connection

Issue: Mobile agent not appearing in Galaxy device pool

Diagnosis:

  1. Check ADB connection: 

    adb devices

  2. Verify client connection: 

    curl http://192.168.1.103:5002/api/clients

  3. Check devices.yaml configuration matches client parameters

  4. Review Galaxy logs for connection errors

  5. Ensure auto_connect: true in devices.yaml

  6. Check MCP servers are running: 

    curl http://localhost:8020/health  # Data collection server
curl http://localhost:8021/health  # Action server

Mobile-Specific Considerations

Screenshot Capture for Galaxy

Mobile agents automatically capture screenshots during execution, which Galaxy can:

  • Display in orchestration UI
  • Include in execution reports
  • Use for debugging failed tasks
  • Share with other agents for context

Touch Coordinates Across Devices

Different Android devices have different screen sizes and densities. Galaxy handles this by:

  • Using control IDs instead of absolute coordinates
  • Having each mobile agent handle device-specific coordinate calculations
  • Storing device resolution in metadata for reference

App Availability

Galaxy can query installed_apps from metadata to:

  • Route tasks to devices with required apps
  • Skip devices missing necessary apps
  • Suggest app installation when needed

Summary

Using Mobile Agent as a Galaxy device enables sophisticated multi-device orchestration:

  • Cross-Platform Workflows: Seamlessly combine Android, Windows, and Linux tasks
  • Capability-Based Routing: Galaxy selects the right device for each subtask
  • Visual Context: Screenshots provide rich execution tracing
  • Parallel Execution: Multiple mobile devices work concurrently
  • Metadata-Aware: LLM uses device-specific context (installed apps, screen size, etc.)
  • Robust Caching: Efficient ADB usage through smart caching strategies

With Mobile Agent in Galaxy, you can orchestrate complex workflows spanning mobile apps, desktop applications, and server systems from a single unified interface.