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HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It provides the structure and semantic meaning of web content.

Key features include:

  • Element-based structure with tags
  • Support for forms and user input
  • Built-in multimedia support
  • SEO-friendly semantic elements

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style and layout web pages — for example, to alter the font, color, size, and spacing of your content.

CSS can be applied in three ways:

  • Inline styles
  • Internal stylesheets
  • External stylesheets

JavaScript is a versatile programming language that enables interactive web pages. It can update content, control multimedia, animate images, and much more.

Common uses:

  • Form validation
  • DOM manipulation
  • Event handling
  • Asynchronous operations with fetch/AJAX

Following best practices ensures your web applications are performant, maintainable, and user-friendly.

  • Write semantic HTML
  • Use responsive design techniques
  • Optimize images and assets
  • Follow accessibility guidelines
  • Keep code DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself)
  • Test thoroughly across browsers