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What is JavaScript?

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Programming Language

JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS.

Key Features:

  • Dynamic typing
  • Prototype-based object orientation
  • First-class functions
  • Event-driven programming

JavaScript enables interactive web pages and is an essential part of web applications.

How does CSS work?

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Styling

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML. CSS describes how elements should be rendered on screen, on paper, in speech, or on other media.

Core Concepts:

  • Selectors - Target HTML elements
  • Properties - Define styling attributes
  • Values - Set specific property values
  • Cascade - Determine which styles apply
selector {
  property: value;
}

Understanding HTML Structure

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Markup Language

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as CSS and JavaScript.

Basic Structure:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Page Title</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Heading</h1>
    <p>Paragraph</p>
  </body>
</html>

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages, represented by tags.

Web Development Best Practices

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Guidelines

Following best practices in web development ensures that your websites are accessible, performant, and maintainable.

Essential Practices:

  • Semantic HTML: Use appropriate tags for content structure
  • Responsive Design: Ensure your site works on all devices
  • Accessibility: Make your site usable for everyone
  • Performance: Optimize loading times and resource usage
  • SEO: Structure content for search engines
  • Security: Protect user data and prevent vulnerabilities

Implementing these practices from the start will save time and improve user experience significantly.

Modern JavaScript Frameworks

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Frameworks

JavaScript frameworks provide developers with pre-written code to help build applications more efficiently.

Popular Frameworks:

  • React: A library for building user interfaces, maintained by Meta
  • Vue.js: A progressive framework for building UIs
  • Angular: A platform for building mobile and desktop web applications
  • Svelte: A radical new approach to building user interfaces

Benefits:

  • Faster development time
  • Code reusability
  • Strong community support
  • Built-in solutions for common problems