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What is HTML?

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HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications.

Key features include:

  • Semantic structure for web content
  • Support for multimedia elements
  • Cross-platform compatibility
  • Easy to learn and use

HTML works alongside CSS for styling and JavaScript for interactivity to create modern web experiences.

Understanding CSS

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CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in HTML.

CSS enables you to:

  • Control layout and positioning
  • Apply colors, fonts, and spacing
  • Create responsive designs with media queries
  • Add animations and transitions
  • Implement modern design patterns like Flexbox and Grid

Modern CSS has evolved to include powerful features like custom properties (variables), making styling more maintainable and dynamic.

JavaScript Basics

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JavaScript is a versatile programming language that enables interactive web pages and is an essential part of web applications.

Core concepts include:

  • Variables - Store and manipulate data
  • Functions - Reusable blocks of code
  • Events - Respond to user interactions
  • DOM Manipulation - Dynamically update page content
  • Asynchronous Programming - Handle operations like API calls

JavaScript runs in the browser and can also be used server-side with Node.js, making it a full-stack language.

Responsive Web Design

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Responsive Web Design is an approach to web design that makes web pages render well on a variety of devices and window or screen sizes.

Key principles:

  • Flexible grid layouts that adapt to screen size
  • Flexible images and media that scale appropriately
  • Media queries to apply different styles for different devices
  • Mobile-first approach for optimal performance
  • Touch-friendly interactive elements

With the diversity of devices today, responsive design is no longer optional—it's essential for reaching all users effectively.

Web Accessibility

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Web Accessibility ensures that websites, tools, and technologies are designed and developed so that people with disabilities can use them.

Important considerations:

  • Proper semantic HTML structure
  • Keyboard navigation support
  • Alternative text for images
  • Sufficient color contrast
  • Screen reader compatibility
  • Clear and consistent navigation

Accessible design benefits everyone, not just people with disabilities, by creating a better user experience overall.