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Accessibility refers to the design of products, devices, services, or environments so that they are usable by people with disabilities. The goal is to ensure that all individuals, regardless of their abilities, can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with digital content.

Web accessibility specifically focuses on making websites and web applications usable for everyone, including people who use assistive technologies like screen readers.

Semantic HTML is important for several reasons:

• It provides meaning and structure to web content.
• It helps assistive technologies interpret the page correctly.
• It improves search engine optimization (SEO).
• It makes code more readable and maintainable.

Using proper headings, landmarks, lists, and other semantic elements ensures that your content is well-organized and accessible to all users.

There are multiple approaches to testing for accessibility:

• Automated tools: Use tools like axe, Lighthouse, or WAVE to catch common issues.
• Keyboard testing: Navigate your entire site using only the keyboard to ensure all interactive elements are reachable and operable.
• Screen reader testing: Test with screen readers such as NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver to verify that content is announced correctly.
• Manual review: Check color contrast, text sizing, focus indicators, and alternative text for images.

A combination of automated and manual testing provides the most comprehensive coverage.