Unit 4 Vocab
Digital divide - differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics
Bias - designing or writing from a particular perspective or point of view (and not including or considering other perspectives or points of view)
Citizen science - scientific research conducted in whole or part by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant data to research using their own computing devices
Crowdsourcing - the practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet
Intellectual property - material created on a computer is the property of the creator or an organization
Creative Commons - a public copyright license that enables the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work; used when the content creator wants to give others the right to share, use, and build upon the work they have created
Open source - programs that are made freely available and may be redistributed and modified
Open access - online research output free of any and all restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use, such as copyright or license restrictions
Personally identifiable information (PII) - information about an individual that identifies, links, relates, or describes them
Multifactor authentication - a method of computer access control in which a user is only granted access after successfully presenting several separate pieces of evidence to an authentication mechanism, typically in at least two of the following categories: knowledge (something they know), possession (something they have), and inherence (something they are)
Encryption - the process of encoding data to prevent unauthorized access
Decryption - the process of decoding data
Symmetric key encryption - involves one key for both encryption and decryption
Public key encryption - pairs a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption; the sender does not need the receiver's private key to encrypt a message, but the receiver's private key is required to decrypt the message
Certificate authorities - issue digital certificates that validate the ownership of encryption keys used in secure communication and are based on a trust model
Computer virus - a malicious program that can copy itself and gain access to a computer in an unauthorized way; they often attach themselves to legitimate programs and start running independently on a computer
Malware - software intended to damage a computing system or to take partial control over its operation
Phishing - a technique that attempts to trick a user into providing personal information; that personal information can then be used to access sensitive online resources, such as bank accounts and emails
Keylogging - the use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information
Rogue access point - a wireless point that gives unauthorized access to secure networks